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Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. They were cold, damp, and hugely uncomfortable, and a series of unsuccessful and dangerous usages led to intense public distrust. As the war progressed, more and more people opted instead for the indoor and garden alternatives: Morrison and Anderson Shelters.
Built with connected panels of corrugated steel, these were assembled in the garden, dug into the soil, and covered over to become almost a feature of the natural landscape. A concrete door was exposed for easy access, but the rest was covered in soil.
A rough estimate of 3. They were very robust — many have survived the war and were later used for garden storage. They performed well under pressure but were far too cold and damp in winter, often collecting rainwater on the floor. These flaws in the Anderson Shelters led to the development of the Morrison Shelter in This comprised of a table-like structure with a cage construction built into the bottom.
These, too were free for poorer households. They arrived in houses in what one could call a flat-pack assembly kit. They were very strong, and thus hugely popular — a large proportion of people were able to survive attacks unscathed within a Morrison Shelter. For people who were simply unable to build such shelters in their homes, or too far from home to seek refuge in one, railway arches were often used for protection. Similarly, basements in schools, warehouses, and factories were often crammed with people once the sirens sounded.
This was considered dangerous, since the government worried that heavy equipment would cause the ceiling to collapse. This concern was not unfounded; disaster struck in a Lemonade Factory in North Shields in May , when people taking shelter died because machinery fell through ceiling. In the early years of the war, people were forbidden from using London Underground stations as shelters. There were fears of overcrowding, disruption, and that people would inhabit them all day long.
The government also suspected that people with shelters at home would come to the Underground stations, believing them to be safer, and take up space when other people without shelters at home were in need. On the 19th and 20th of September, , a huge wave of Londoners — fed up with feeling helpless during the constant Blitz strikes — arrived at the Underground stations equipped with bedding and food, and refused to leave.
The government realised they were fighting a losing battle, and so the policy changed: parts of Piccadilly line in and around Aldwych closed and the tracks were concreted to make extra sleeping space.
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