Verify experience! Anyone considering using the services of an Oracle support expert should independently investigate their credentials and experience, and not rely on advertisements and self-proclaimed expertise. All legitimate Oracle experts publish their Oracle qualifications. Oracle technology is changing and we strive to update our BC Oracle support information. If you find an error or have a suggestion for improving our content, we would appreciate your feedback. Oracle BI Publisher offers l the most efficient and scalable reporting solution available for complex, distributed c environments.
By using a set of familiar desktop tools, users can create and maintain their own report formats based on data queries created by the IT staff or developers. Oracle BI Publisher also enables you to bring in data from multiple data sources into a single output document. You can deliver reports via U I n printer, email, or fax. You can publish your report to a portal. You can even allow users to collaboratively edit and manage reports on the Web-based Distributed Authoring and c l e Versioning WebDav Web servers.
Data warehouse applications benefit from enhancements such as a e parallel execution of insert, update, and delete operations; partitioning; and parallel-aware n t e r are distributed and multitiered. U s query optimization. A library keeps a list of members, books, l due dates, and fines. A company needs to save information about its employees, c r a departments, and salaries. These pieces of information are called data. Organizations can store data in various media and in different formats, such as a hard copy O ly document in a filing cabinet, or data stored in electronic spreadsheets, or in databases.
To manage databases, you need a database management system DBMS. A DBMS is a n a e program that stores, retrieves, and modifies data in databases on request.
There are four relational. Codd proposed the relational model for database systems in In this paper, Dr. Codd c r a proposed the relational model for database systems. The common models used at that time were hierarchical and network, or even simple flat-file O ly data structures.
In addition, a number of innovative vendors, such as Oracle, supplemented the RDBMS with a suite of powerful, a e application development and user-interface products, thereby providing a total solution.
A c l For example, you might want to store information about all the employees in your company. In r a a relational database, you create several tables to store different pieces of information about your employees, such as an employee table, a department table, and a salary table. Engineers build a model of a car to work out any A l details before putting it into production. In the same manner, system designers develop c Purpose of Models r a models to explore ideas and improve the understanding of database design.
Assign one or more employees to a department. Some departments do not yet have assigned employees. An entityA l relationship ER model is an illustration of the various entities in a business and the c r a relationships among them. An ER model is derived from business specifications or narratives and built during the analysis phase of the system development life cycle. ER models separate O ly the information required by a business from the activities performed within the business.
Therefore, the data structures also tend to be constant. Examples are departments, employees, and orders. For example, for the employee entity, the attributes would be the employee number, name, job title, hire date, department number, and so on. Each of the attributes is either required or optional.
This state is called optionality. Examples are employees and departments, and orders and items. Note: The convention is to read clockwise. Unique Identifiers A unique identifier UID is any combination of attributes or relationships, or both, that serves to distinguish occurrences of an entity. Each entity occurrence must be uniquely identifiable. Categories of data are listed across the top of c r a each table, and individual cases are listed below.
By using a table format, you can readily visualize, understand, and use information. For example, you may want to know the location of the department where an employee works. With an RDBMS, you can relate the e r s data in one table to the data in another by using the foreign keys. A foreign key is a column t U or a set of columns that refers to a primary key in the same table or another table.
I n You can use the ability to relate data in one table to data in another to organize information in c l e separate, manageable units. Employee data can be kept logically distinct from the department data by storing it in a separate table. A table holds all the data necessary about something in the real world, such as c employees, invoices, or customers. A single row or tuple representing all the data required for a particular employee.
Each row in a table should be identified by a primary key, which permits no duplicate rows. A column or attribute containing the employee number. In this example, the employee number U I n column is designated as the primary key. A primary key must contain a value and the value must be unique. A column that is not a key value. A column represents one kind of data in a table; in this c example, the data is the salaries of all the employees. Column order is insignificant r a when storing data; specify the column order when the data is retrieved.
A column containing the department number, which is also a foreign key. A foreign key is a column that defines how tables relate to each other. A foreign key refers to a primary key or a unique key in the same table or in another table.
A field can be found at the intersection of a row and a column. There can be only one value in it. A field may have no value in it. This is called a null value. Oracle Corporation r a ensures future compliance with evolving standards by actively involving key personnel in SQL standards committees. SQL Developer version 3. Some r aemployees may not be assigned to any department. If an employee changes departments within a job or changes jobs within a department, a new row is inserted into this table with the earlier job information of the employee.
They are A l managed by operations and governed by data integrity constraints. SQL is the c l e language that is used to communicate with the server to access, manipulate, and control data. The ora1 account contains the HR schema tables. Perform the practices slowly and precisely. You can experiment with saving and running l e command files. If you have any questions at any time, ask your instructor. However, A l you may need to restrict the columns that are displayed. Selects a few or as many of the columns as required.
The table contains eight rows, one for each department. The output displayed on the Results tabbed page appears as shown in the slide. Semicolons are required when you execute multiple SQL statements. You can override the column heading display with an alias. Column aliases are covered later in this lesson. All these are possible using arithmetic expressions. If operators in an expression are of the same priority, evaluation is done from left to right.
Note that multiplication is performed before addition. Note: Use parentheses to reinforce the standard order of precedence and to improve clarity. The second example in the slide displays the last name, salary, and annual compensation of I n employees. Because of the parentheses, l e addition takes priority over multiplication. Null is not the same as zero or a blank space. Zero is a number and blank space is a character. O ly Columns of any data type can contain nulls.
Other employees are not entitled to earn t e r U s commissions. A null represents that fact. However, you I n can set it to something more relevant to you. To do so, select Preferences from the Tools menu. In the Preferences dialog box, expand the Database node. For example, if you l attempt to perform division by zero, you get an error.
However, if you divide a number by null, c the result is a null or unknown. This heading may not be descriptive and, therefore, may be c r a difficult to understand. You can change a column heading by using a column alias. By O ly default, alias headings appear in uppercase. The result of c r a the query is the same whether the AS keyword is used or not. Also, note that the SQL statement has the column aliases, name and comm, in lowercase, whereas the result of the O ly query displays the column headings in uppercase.
As mentioned in the preceding slide, column headings appear in uppercase by default. Note that the column heading in the output is exactly the same as the column alias. Columns on either side of the c r a operator are combined to make a single output column. O ly Note that the last name of the employee and the job code are combined to make a single output column. I n Note: You can also concatenate date expressions with other expressions or columns.
It is not a l column name or a column alias. It is printed for each row returned. The column l has the heading Employee Details. The spaces improve the readability of the output. If the literal itself l contains a single quotation mark, you can use the quote q operator and select your own c quotation mark delimiter.
By using the q operator, however, brackets [ ] a e are used as the quotation mark delimiters. The string between the brackets delimiters is n t e r U s interpreted as a literal character string. Note that the department numbers are repeated. In the second example in the slide, the numbers in the table. The command A l displays the column names and the data types, and it shows you whether a column must c r a contain data that is, whether the column has a NOT NULL constraint.
In the syntax, table name is the name of any existing table, view, or synonym that is accessible to the user. It is abbreviated as DESC. Type displays the data type for a column. If c In the syntax: r a the condition is true, the row meeting the condition is returned. Number constants, however, need not be enclosed with single quotation marks. The range A l that you specify contains a lower limit and an upper limit.
However, you must specify the lower limit first. The condition defined l using the IN operator is also known as the membership condition.
The IN operator can be used with any data type. Therefore, using the IN operator has no performance benefits and is used only for logical simplicity.
The character pattern—matching operation is c Symbol Description r a referred to as a wildcard search. Two symbols can be used to construct the search string. This option specifies what the escape character is. Settlements User Guide. Explains the process of netting payments across modules and handling money settlements in Oracle Banking Trade Finance. Tax User Guide.
Explains how to maintain and process taxes on the contracts you process in Oracle Banking Trade Finance. User Defined Fields User Guide.
Explains how to create custom fields and associate them to specific products and functions to suit the requirements of your bank. User Defined Events User Guide. Explains how to create custom events and associate them to specific products and functions to suit the requirements of your bank.
Messaging System User Guide. Explains how to maintain media types, media control systems and advice formats for handling incoming and outgoing messages. Explains the maintenance of basic information such as goods, documents, instructions, free format text, and clause codes. Explains the procedure to define attributes of the product, process bills, define discount accrual fee, and register a collection bill.
It also details the batch processes, accounting entries, error codes, error messages, SWIFT messages, and Free Format Texts messages supported by the module. Islamic Bills and Collections User Guide.
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